15, 16 The total amount of polyphenols, extracted from grape seed oil by cold-pressing method, is about 2.9 mg/kg, and minor amounts of catechin, epicatechin (1.3 mg/kg each), and trans-resveratrol (0.3 mg/kg) have been detected. 12 The main polyphenols identified in grape seed oil are catechins, epicatechins, trans-resveratrol, and procyanidin B1. 9 It has also 59–360 mg of gallic acid equivalent/kg of phenols, which have been reported to be involved in a wide range of biological activities but are mostly known for their antioxidant properties. Grape seed oil contains a large amount of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, tannins, and stilbenes. Hydrophilic constituents of grape seed oil The aim of this article is to briefly review the composition and nutritional aspects of grape seed oil, interactions of its compounds with cellular and molecular pathways, and its probable beneficial effects for health. The highest oil contents were obtained from the Bordeaux variety (15.4%) in 2005 and from the Merlot grape variety (14.7%) in 2006. labrusca (Bordeaux and Isabel) harvested between 20 were analyzed for their seed oil content. vinifera (Moscato Giallo, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon) and two of V. 9 In a study conducted in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, three varieties of V. 12 Oil yield depends on the extraction technique, type of solvent and operating conditions employed, the variety of cultivars, and the environmental factors during harvesting year.
Grape seed contains 8%–20% of oil (dry basis). 10 Although the yield is usually lower than that with conventional solvent extraction, in cold-pressing, there is no concern about solvent residues in the oil, resulting in a safer and more consumer-desired product. 9 Cold-pressing is a method of oil extraction that involves no heat or chemical treatment and hence may retain more health beneficial components.
Grape seed is a by-product of winemaking process, 7, 8 and its oil content is traditionally extracted using either an organic solvent or mechanical techniques. 1 For instance, grape seed extract (aqueous or alcoholic) has a high antioxidant potential its beneficial effects include the modulation of antioxidant enzyme expression, protection against oxidative damage in cells, antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory effects, and protection against some cancer types, in both humans and animal models. sativa grapes have been of interest worldwide due to the nutritional properties of the natural product (raw and dried fruit) and wine and the pharmaceutical properties of derivatives, such as peel and seed extracts.